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The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights. The UN is currently made up of 193 Member States.

The United Nations system is based on the principle of sovereign equality of all its Member States. Each Member has one vote. Decisions on important questions require a two-thirds majority. These decisions are binding on all Member States.

The UN Charter is the foundational treaty of the UN. It was signed in San Francisco in 1945 and came into force on October 24, 1945. The Charter sets out the purposes of the UN, as well as its structure and functions. It also establishes the six main organs of the UN: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and the Secretariat.

The General Assembly is the main deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the UN. All 193 Member States are represented in the General Assembly, with each country having one vote. The General Assembly discusses and makes recommendations on various issues, including international peace and security, development, human rights, and international law.

The Security Council has the primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security. It has 15 members, including five permanent members with veto power – China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States – and ten non-permanent members elected for two-year terms.

The Economic and Social Council coordinates the economic, social, and related work of 15 UN specialized agencies, their functional commissions, and five regional commissions. It also serves as the central forum for discussing international economic and social issues.

The Trusteeship Council was established to ensure that trust territories were administered in the best interests of their inhabitants and of international peace and security. Its work was completed in 1994.

The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the UN. Its role is to settle legal disputes submitted to it by states and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by the General Assembly, the Security Council, or other UN organs and specialized agencies.

The Secretariat carries out the day-to-day work of the UN, and it is headed by the Secretary-General, who is appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council.

In conclusion, the United Nations plays a vital role in promoting international cooperation and addressing global challenges. Its work encompasses a wide range of issues, including peace and security, human rights, and sustainable development. The UN’s unique structure and functions enable it to respond to the complex and evolving needs of the international community.

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